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Vaccination schedule
Man has come a long way in understanding diseases and ways to prevent them. Gone are the times when the most common cause of death was illness and infection. We now know the functioning of the immune system and the value of vaccinations in aiding and developing a strong immunity against diseases. We have developed vaccinations for a huge variety of infections and everyday, more are being tested. However, developing them alone is of no value. They have to reach the larger population to be successful in controlling the spread of disease. In such situations, having a vaccination schedule for countries and people to follow is extremely helpful. A vaccination schedule is simply a series of vaccinations, dosage and timings suggested by physicians or a health regulatory body (like the CDC) to be taken over a period of time. Some vaccinations are country specific depending on the prevalence of the disease. For example, the Yellow Fever vaccination is not on the vaccination schedule in the US but is required to be taken by travellers going to countries in the African continent. Vaccination schedules also differ for different countries. Since health facilities and vaccination costs can be expensive, it is not feasible to have the same vaccination schedule for all countries. Countries like the US have a schedule that is administered over the first 5 years of a child’s life and can cost up to $700. However in developing countries, the vaccination schedule is for the first 9 months, at a cost of about $25, excluding some of the more expensive vaccinations for rare diseases. Initially in the 1950’s there were only a few vaccinations to be taken by children, for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and smallpox. In the 1980’s vaccinations were required for diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, smallpox as well as polio, rubella, measles and mumps. However, since then, several more have been added to the list, including hepatitis B, pneumococcal vaccine, varicella vaccine, etc. Owing to this ever increasing list, vaccination schedules have become more complicated than before. In the US, the vaccination schedules for children are given by many agencies including the CDC. This schedule is for 0-6 years of age and recommends some of the following vaccines: Tetanus-Diphtheria-Pertussis (TDP) vaccine, Hepatitis A and B, Influenza vaccine, Measles - Mumps - Rubella (MMR), Polio, Varicella (chicken pox) vaccine, Meningococcus vaccine etc. Owing to the advancements in science and the development of new vaccines, the number of shots that children have to take as part of the vaccination schedule is increasing every few years. However, scientists are working on combining more of the vaccines together to bring down the number of shots that the children have to take and yet remain protected against illness and infection.

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Yellow fever vaccination
With all the advancements in the field of medicine and technology, everyday reveals something new. Scientists are always identifying new and rare diseases and infections. We now understand more about illnesses and their causes than we did earlier. And with this better understanding we now know how to prevent these diseases and control their unchecked spread. This is good news for those diseases that have yet no known cure. For such diseases, vaccinations are the best prevention. One such vaccination is the Yellow Fever Vaccination. Yellow fever is a viral disease that is a public health issue in the Africa and some Americas. It is spread by through the transmission of the yellow fever virus which is spread through infected mosquitoes. The name is yellow fever because of the symptom of jaundice that is seen several victims. There is no medication that can cure yellow fever. The only real cure is the yellow fever vaccination. The Yellow fever vaccination has been available to the public for the last 60 years. It was developed by Max Theiler at the Rockefeller Foundation. The Yellow fever vaccination gives immunity from the virus for ten years at least. The vaccination comprises of an attenuated virus called 17D which has been commercially used for several years and is known to be safe and effective. The Yellow fever vaccination is administered at approved vaccination centres only. 10 days after getting the yellow fever vaccination the person gets an International Certificate of Vaccination which is also called a Yellow card. This card is required for gaining entry into certain countries because it is proof of the yellow fever vaccination. The yellow fever vaccination is a must for anyone above the age of 9 months who is travelling to a country known to have incidences of yellow fever. The yellow fever vaccination is also a must for anyone above 9 months of age who lives in a country which has yellow fever prevalent and is travelling out of it. Anyone who resides in a country that is high risk for yellow fever has to have a booster shot of the yellow fever vaccination every 10 years to ensure immunity. Although the yellow fever vaccination has been seen to be safe and risk free, there could be some reactions because of it, and having prior knowledge about it is helpful. The vaccination could bring about allergic reactions in persons who are allergic to eggs since the 17D vaccine is grown in eggs. Infants who are younger than 9 months of age should not have a yellow fever vaccination under any circumstances (if it is unavoidable, a physician should be consulted). Women who are pregnant or nursing should avoid travel to countries that require a yellow fever vaccination and should consult a doctor in case it has to be done. Thus although yellow fever is an incurable disease the yellow fever vaccination provides a simple and effective way of protecting against it.

jakvest2009.org

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Alopecia universalis
Alopecia universalis is the most severe case of alopecia that there is presently in the medical field. Unlike your basic form of alopecia where you are forced to lose your hair and unlike alopecia areata where your hair falls out in patches, alopecia universalis puts the icing on the cake. If you ever come down with this particular condition you will know right away that something is seriously wrong. You will begin to notice hair loss at a significantly fast rate. With this particular disorder you lose every hair on your body. This can be a little scary you will be subject to losing the hair on your head as well as the hair on your arms and legs, eyebrows and eyelashes will also be gone as well. People that have this condition are normally told that they need to be exceptionally careful as far as cleaning themselves and protecting their skin that will have a tendency to become inflamed because it is always out in the open. There is no apparent reason why someone would be subject to come down with the disorder. Although doctors claim that they believe that the disorder is caused from an autoimmune problem, not from heredity or anything of that nature. With the disorder being autoimmune this basically means your body begins to recognize hair follicles as well as any part of your hair as an enemy. Your body will begin to fight of the hair on order to get it off of your body. You can begin to notice large clumps of hair falling out almost aimlessly when you have this order until there is nothing left. There are no treatment options available that have been able to cure alopecia universalis. Some treatments have been tried out but in many cases the condition was irreversible. At times the condition can go away and be a short lived condition where the hair falls out and begins to grow back on its own seamlessly. Or the hair may fall out and not grow back at all; no one truly knows the direction that their condition will take. There have been instances where people had lost their hair and it had been gone for years and then all of a sudden almost as if a miracle occurred it began to grow back on its own. Alopecia universalis, is a horrible condition it happens in about 1 of every 100,000 people in the world. When you think about this logically one city can be full of over 500,000 people so within those people 5 people could be stuck having the disease. There are over billions of people that reside on the earth. Looking at those numbers makes you realize that 1 in 100,000 people the condition can happen to anyone at any time.

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Antidepressants that don’t cause weight gain
Gaining weight is one of the most nightmares that a person would never like to face at any point of time. No one likes to gain weight. The whole issue is a very weighty issue. People try all options so that they reduce some of their weight. They try all conventional diets and also opt for unconventional treatments to lose weight. Antidepressants are designed especially to prevent seizures are one of the new techniques to assist overweight patients. These drugs however, have no approval by the food as well as drug administration in regard to lessening the weight. The antidepressants are medications given to treat the depression levels and hence the hazard with these drugs regarding weight loss is beyond the reach of that medication as it is not designed for weight loss and may result in nasty side effects. For instance Adderal can cause heart problems, aggression and insomnia as well. On the other hand Topomax that is prescribed for treating migraines and seizures can cause fatigue and hyperventilation. Wellbutrin is one such drug recommended for weight loss and is used as antidepressant. However, it comes with a warning that it augments suicidal tendencies in adolescents and children. Some antidepressant drugs seem to control cravings and result in weight loss as a side effect for drugs taking people. A recent study showed that Wellbutrin has aided obese patients in losing weight when this drug was associated with exercise and diet. In fact, it is also observed that many people are taking these pills to reduce their weight without getting into exercise and diet. Some overrule their doctors and buy drugs and end up with incorrect self medicating. Insurance plans also do not cover such types of treatments. There are some off-label diet pills such as Adderall, Byetta, Provigil, Topamax and Wellbutrin. These pills have their own side effects such as anxiety, insomnia, nausea, jitters, cardiac problems, headaches, diarrhea, fatigue, difficulty in concentration and juvenile suicide. However, two medications that are FDA approved to cure obesity are Xenical and Meridia. But, these medications are designed such that they go well with appropriate exercise and diet. Self-medication should be avoided and losing weight in a crashing manner will damage your body. These drugs are expensive and provide a modest weight loss. But, if the drugs are obtained legally, you are welcoming an unwanted danger as well. It is hence recommended to consult your doctor at all costs and then go with the medications so that you do not become a victim of hazardous ailments or are forced to face serious side effects.

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Prostate Supplements
Prostate supplements are basically types of panacea offered in the form of medicines in order to keep the prostate healthy and several ailments related to it, at bay. Prostate is a reproductive male gland and responsible for certain important bodily function in day to day life of a man. The facts about prostate supplements: It is a fact that the nutritional supplement industry related to serving nutritional supplement is not regulated properly and in an orderly manner as one cannot actually ascertain about the contents of a supplement. Numerous studies and researches have been conducted by medical experts in this area. These studies have proved that around one third of nutritional supplements offering nutrition do not offer what they claim to and is written on the label. In fact, a recent survey of supplements promoted for prostate health in Canada has also offered a similar report. Most prostate supplements that are promoted in the medicine industry in order to enhance prostate health, enlist important vitamins and several herbs that actually do not play any role in providing any sort of benefit to the prostate gland. For instance, there is only slight a evidence that vitamins can be of any good to treat infections related to prostate, prostate cancer, enlarged prostate or prostate disorder of any other type. The percentage of vitamin D present in the tested prostate supplements was quite near to the promise made on the label, however the content of vitamin E had a variation from -41 percent to +57 percent. Lycopene is a proven supplement that offers proven treatment for preventing prostate cancer in rats and is also associated to decrease the existence of prostate cancer in men. However, its content varies from -38 percent and +143 percent of the listed amount on the label. This is a crystal clear indication of the fact that purchasing prostate supplements with just the existence of around of what it claims would be of no use. Here are some of the most commonly available prostate supplements in the market place for the consumers. 4-way prostate by pure essence labs: This supplement claims to deal with prostate challenges effectively. It contains cellulose, silicon dioxide, croscarmellose sodium, stearic acid, magnesium stearate. Dosage: One tablet before breakfast and another prior to evening meal. Great prostate: This supplement claims to offer advanced and exclusive ingredients for superior prostate support. It contains Lycopene, Alanine, Glycine, Pygeum and Saw Palmetto. Dosage: One tablet daily at meal time. Consulting a doctor prior to taking any prostate supplement.

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Prostate Cancer Treatment
Prostate cancer is a serious disease that may affect a human male and it would also cause a lot of trouble to the person who suffers from the disease. It is a disease wherein cancer develops in the prostate, due to the transformation of the prostate cells. The problem occurs when the cell starts multiplying at a rapid pace and it becomes net to impossible for the body to control this multiplication of the prostate cells. Now, these cells may also spread from the prostate to other parts of the body, basically in the bones and lymph nodes. An individual may experience pain, difficulty in urinating, ejaculation and erection in this case. Men above the age of 50 or usually the middle-aged men are said to suffer more from prostate cancer. The treatment: When it comes to the treatment of prostate cancer, knowledge is the best thing to acquire. It is extremely important for each man to learn as much as he can, regarding the various types of treatments available and the experts who can offer these treatments effectively. You must concentrate on making an extensive research on various treatments available and finalizing the best one. Remember, vigilant and calculative consideration of the different options is an important step in deciding on the best treatment. Here are certain factors on which your prostate cancer treatment would depend. These are as offered below: Active Monitoring: This is a treatment, offered for cancers with slow-paced growth. It is said that none of the treatments available is optimum in this regard. Under active monitoring, also known commonly as watchful waiting, your health would be closely analyzed with routine medical check-ups. Under this circumstance, you may trigger off the treatment any time you desire. You would also be recommended to go for this treatment in case the medical tests display the cancer growth in progress. Surgery: Surgery is the most common prostate cancer treatment. It is also considered the most effective and apt for a healthy human male. For under-going this treatment the prostate cancer must not spread farther than a limit set for prostate. Radio therapy: This sort of a therapy is known to expunge cancer cells. Radiation is utilized for this purpose. Branchy therapy: This type of a prostate cancer treatment is undertaken via implantation of radioactive seeds in to or adjacent to the tumor present in your prostate. Hormone therapy: This type of a therapy tends to obstruct the action of male sex hormones that facilitates cancer growth.

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Blood group antigen facts book
The blood group antigen facts book is the second edition and offers key information regarding the relation of red blood cells, the blood group antigens, the membrane components, their serological characteristics, the molecular structure of the antigens and the significance of the antibodies of the blood group. The data in this edition is well expanded and topics in this book includes chromosomal assignment, information and history on terminology, carrier molecule description, expression, effect of chemicals or enzymes, disease association, clinical significance, molecular basis of antigens, glycotypes, phenotypes and key references. This book regarding the facts of blood antigen facts had audiences from various fields and some of them were researches of the transfusion medicine, hematology, medical technologists, red blood cell markers, biochemists, physicians, patho-physiologists, transfusion service representatives and cell biologists. The aim of this book is that it has relevant information and interests everyone who is keen in knowing about the red cells, its functions and the role of blood group antigens. This book publication is considering that it has defined the blood group antigens to a great level. However, the editorial reviews are a part of the book publication. Some editorial reviews highlight that the book is filled with facts and is of immense use to the readers and mainly to the people who are related to the same field of antigens and blood groups. They can acquire adequate knowledge and work accordingly. On the contrary, there are reviews stating that it is an incompetent book that is based on scientific expertise and not on real facts. There are reviews regarding the book also stating that this book should definitely have a space in each bookshelf of people having even simple interest regarding blood group antigens and red cells. This book is considered to be important to the extent that jostling for space in any of the bookshelf has become mandatory as it contains all the aspects of red cell membrane. This is found to be most valuable as it comprises of useful resources relating to the immunohematology and blood banking. Any bookstore can consider this book as a good value book. This book is worth a gift to any of your colleagues or students interested in knowing facts or even to students studying about human body and medicines. Some reviews about this book also states that it is an important addition and is practically easy to read. This book presents with important facts and is well organized. An ideal book for clinicians and medical students is suggested and this book by Reid and Francis offers both practical and genetic information and is of great use.

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